Research

Cold plunge is often claimed to boost the immune system. Here’s what the science actually says. The Research The Dutch Cold Shower Study The most famous study on cold exposure and immunity was conducted in the Netherlands in 2016: 3,018 participants took cold showers for 30, 60, or 90 seconds Duration: 30 days Result: Participants who took cold showers called in sick 29% less often Surprising finding: Duration didn’t matter — 30 seconds was as effective as 90 seconds Other Evidence 2014 (PLOS ONE): Regular winter swimmers showed increased white blood cell counts and improved antioxidant defenses 2016 (Journal of Sports Sciences): Cold water immersion increased circulating immune cells Multiple studies: Cold exposure increases norepinephrine, which modulates immune function How Cold Plunge Affects Immunity 1. Increases White Blood Cells Cold exposure triggers a temporary increase in: ...

Leading research institutions are actively studying NAD+ for longevity. Here’s what they’re finding. Harvard Medical School (Dr. David Sinclair) Key Findings NMN reversed age-related vascular dysfunction in mice Restored muscle NAD+ levels to youthful levels Improved exercise capacity in aged animals Enhanced blood flow through capillary formation Current Research Human clinical trials on NMN and aging biomarkers Studies on NMN and cardiovascular health Research on optimal dosing protocols MIT (Dr. Leonard Guarente) Key Findings Sirtuins (NAD+-dependent enzymes) regulate aging NAD+ activates sirtuins, promoting cellular health Resveratrol enhances sirtuin activation NAD+ decline is a hallmark of aging Current Research NAD+ and neurodegeneration Sirtuin biology NAD+ precursor combinations University of Washington (Dr. Shin-ichiro Imai) Key Findings NMN improved insulin sensitivity in aged mice Enhanced immune function Improved eye function Restored gene expression patterns to younger profiles Current Research Long-term NMN safety in humans NMN and age-related diseases Optimal NMN formulations Other Notable Research Mayo Clinic Senolytics + NAD+ precursors for aging Combined interventions for longevity Karolinska Institute NAD+ and mitochondrial diseases NR clinical applications University of Cambridge NAD+ and neurodegeneration Brain-specific NAD+ metabolism Where the Science is Heading Near-term (1-3 years) More human clinical trials Better understanding of optimal dosing Personalized NAD+ protocols Medium-term (3-10 years) FDA-approved anti-aging interventions Combination therapies Biomarker-guided supplementation Long-term (10+ years) Potential lifespan extension interventions Disease prevention protocols Precision longevity medicine Related Articles NAD+ and Aging NMN & NR Research: Latest Clinical Trials Best NAD+ Supplements in 2026

The science behind NMN and NR is evolving rapidly. Here’s a summary of the latest clinical research. NMN Clinical Trials 2021: NMN and Insulin Sensitivity 25 postmenopausal women with prediabetes 250mg NMN for 10 weeks Result: Improved muscle insulin sensitivity Published in Science 2022: NMN and Cardiovascular Health 30 healthy adults 1000mg NMN for 12 weeks Result: Improved arterial stiffness markers Published in Frontiers in Nutrition 2023: NMN and Endurance 48 middle-aged adults 1200mg NMN for 6 weeks Result: Improved aerobic capacity Published in Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 2024: NMN and Cognitive Function 60 older adults 500mg NMN for 24 weeks Result: Improved working memory and reaction time Published in GeroScience NR Clinical Trials 2017: First Long-term NR Study 140 overweight adults 1000mg NR for 12 weeks Result: NAD+ increased 60%, safe and well-tolerated Published in American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2019: NR and Blood Pressure 120 adults with elevated blood pressure 1000mg NR for 8 weeks Result: Reduced systolic blood pressure by 5mmHg Published in Scientific Reports 2020: NR and Liver Health 80 adults with NAFLD 1000mg NR for 6 months Result: Reduced liver fat and inflammation markers Published in Hepatology 2021: NR and COVID Recovery 100 COVID patients 1000mg NR for 2 weeks Result: Faster recovery and reduced inflammatory markers Published in Clinical Nutrition Key Takeaways What We Know Both NMN and NR effectively raise NAD+ levels Both are safe and well-tolerated in humans Both show promise for cardiovascular, metabolic, and cognitive health NMN may be slightly more effective per milligram What We’re Still Learning Optimal long-term dosing Which conditions benefit most How to identify responders vs non-responders Long-term anti-aging effects in humans Related Articles NMN vs NR: Which is Better? Best NAD+ Supplements in 2026 NAD+ and Aging